Luzerne County Courthouse in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania The ' kids for cash' scandal unfolded in 2008 over judicial at the in. Two judges, President Judge and Senior Judge, were convicted of accepting money from Robert Mericle, builder of two private, for-profit youth centers for the detention of juveniles, in return for contracting with the facilities and imposing harsh on juveniles brought before their courts to increase the number of residents in the centers. For example, Ciavarella adjudicated a substantial number of children to extended stays in youth centers for a variety of offenses as trivial as mocking a principal on, trespassing in a vacant building, and shoplifting DVDs from Wal-Mart. Ciavarella and Conahan pleaded guilty on February 13, 2009, pursuant to a, to federal charges of and conspiracy to defraud the United States (failing to report income to the, known as ) in connection with receiving $2.6 million in payments from managers at in and its sister company Western PA Child Care in. The plea agreement was later voided by a federal judge, who was dissatisfied with the post-plea conduct of the defendants, and the two judges charged subsequently withdrew their guilty pleas, raising the possibility of criminal trials. A federal grand jury in returned a 48-count indictment against Ciavarella and Conahan including,,,,, and federal tax violations on September 9, 2009. Conahan entered a revised guilty plea to one count of racketeering conspiracy in July 2010. In a verdict reached at the conclusion of a jury trial, Ciavarella was convicted February 18, 2011 on 12 of the 39 counts he faced. Following the original plea agreement, the ordered an investigation of the cases handled by the judges and following its outcome quickly overturned several hundred adjudications of delinquency in Luzerne County. The filed a lawsuit against the judges and numerous other parties, and the state legislature created a commission to investigate the wide-ranging juvenile justice problems in the county. The Center has maintained a list of related court documents. Contents • • • • • • • • • Investigations [ ] The Pennsylvania state Judicial Conduct Board received four complaints about Conahan between 2004 and 2008, but later admitted it failed to investigate any of them, nor had it sought documentation regarding the cases involved. The FBI was tipped off about Conahan and in the county courts in 2006. An additional investigation into improper sentencing in Luzerne County began early in 2007 as a result of requests for assistance from several youths received by the -based Juvenile Law Center. Attorneys from the center determined that several hundred cases were tried without the defendants receiving proper counsel. In April 2008, the Center petitioned the seeking relief for alleged violation of the youths'. The application of relief was later denied, then reconsidered in January 2009 when charges of corruption against the judges surfaced. The and the also investigated the two judges, although the exact dates and scope of the investigations by the two federal agencies were not made public. Part of the investigation was revealed to have occurred during disciplinary hearings over the conduct of another former Luzerne County judge, Ann H. Lokuta was brought before the Judicial Conduct Board of Pennsylvania in November 2006 to answer charges of using court workers to do her personal bidding, openly displaying bias against some attorneys arguing before her, and publicly berating staff to cause mental distress. The board ruled against Lokuta in November 2008, and she was removed from the bench. During the course of the disciplinary hearings, Lokuta accused Conahan of bullying behavior and charged that he was behind a conspiracy to have her removed. Lokuta aided the federal investigation into the 'kids for cash' scheme prior to the determination of the disciplinary board, and a stay order was issued in March 2009 by the state Supreme Court in light of the ongoing corruption investigations, halting Lokuta's removal and the election that was to be held in May to replace her. During the Lokuta hearing, Conahan testified that there were no social relationships amongst the county judges. The two-year spectacle known as the Texas Legislative session came to an end with the passage of a journalist shield law (already signed by the Governor) a. It is a sexual assault of a minor case where the victim tried to sue MySpace because the criminal used MySpace to lure the victim. However, Judge Michael Toole, who was later convicted of case fixing, as well as another judge, had each stayed at a Florida condo jointly owned by Conahan and Ciavarella. The state Supreme Court decided to uphold Lokuta's removal from the bench in January 2011, finding she had received a fair trial, regardless of Conahan's testimony. ![]() It also ordered the of the records of 2,401 of those juveniles who were affected. Charges and pleas [ ] A statement from the office of the for the Middle District of Pennsylvania outlined the charges against the two judges on January 26, 2009. The charges outlined in the described actions between 2000 and 2007 by both judges to assist in the construction and population of private juvenile facilities operated by the two Pennsylvania Child Care companies, acting in an official capacity in favor of the private facilities over the facility operated by Luzerne County. Attorney charged that in 2002 Conahan, who at the time was President Judge of the court, used his authority to remove funding for the county-operated facility. The judges were alleged to have received 'millions of dollars' in payments for the completion of a binding agreement between the court and the private facilities, co-owned by attorney Robert Powell, to use their services and the subsequent closing of the county facility. The methods used to conceal the payments involved several parties and transactions which resulted in allegations of against the two. Ciavarella and Conahan were also charged with 'Ordering juveniles to be sent to these facilities in which the judges had a financial interest even when Juvenile Probation Officers did not recommend placement,' according to the statement. Original, negotiated plea agreements called for both judges to serve up to seven years in prison, pay fines and restitution, and accept responsibility for the crimes. However, on July 30, 2009, Judge of in nearby rejected the plea agreement, citing 'post-guilty plea conduct and expressions from the defendants' that he ruled did not satisfy the terms of the agreement. Kosik wrote that Conahan and Ciavarella continued to deny their crimes even in the face of overwhelming evidence, and therefore did not merit sentences that were well below federal sentencing guidelines. Attorneys for the two judges brought a motion requesting reconsideration of the judge's rejection of the plea agreement. The motion was denied on August 24, 2009, and Ciavarella and Conahan subsequently withdrew their guilty pleas, an action which eventually resulted in a for Ciavarella and additional charges against the former judges. Following the plea withdrawals, on September 9, 2009, a federal grand jury in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania returned a 48-count indictment against Ciavarella and Conahan including racketeering, fraud, money laundering, extortion, bribery, and federal tax violations. Both judges were arraigned on the charges on September 15, 2009. Ciavarella and Conahan entered pleas of not guilty on all counts and remained free on $1 million in bail, despite federal prosecutors' contentions that their bail should be raised. Prosecutors argued the judges' bail should have been higher, since they faced the possibility of substantially more prison time and there had been evidence of attempts made to shield assets. Robert Powell, an attorney and co-owner of the two juvenile facilities at the heart of the scandal, pleaded guilty on July 1, 2009, to and being an accessory to tax evasion conspiracy, in connection with $770,000 in kickbacks he paid to Ciavarella and Conahan in exchange for facilitating the development of his juvenile detention centers. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court temporarily suspended Powell’s law license on September 1, citing his criminal conviction. Robert Mericle, the prominent real estate developer who built the two juvenile facilities, pleaded guilty on September 3, 2009, to failing to disclose a felony. Mericle had failed to tell a grand jury he had paid $2.1 million to Ciavarella and Conahan as a finder's fee. As part of his plea, Mericle agreed to pay $2.15 million to fund local children's health and welfare programs. Mericle faced up to three years in prison and a $250,000 maximum fine. ![]() ![]() Mericle was released from federal custody in 2015 after serving a 1-year sentence. Sandra Brulo, the former Deputy Director of Forensic Services for the Luzerne County Juvenile Probation Office, agreed to plead guilty in March 2009 to federal obstruction of justice. Those charges stemmed from actions Brulo took after she became aware she had been named in the federal civil action. Brulo backdated her recommendation of placement she made concerning a juvenile defendant in September 2007, and changed her original recommendation of placement to probation. Criminal verdicts and sentences [ ]. Booking photo On February 18, 2011, following a trial, a federal jury convicted Ciavarella on 12 of the 39 remaining counts he faced including racketeering, a crime in which prosecutors said the former judge used children 'as pawns to enrich himself.' In convicting Ciavarella of racketeering, the jury agreed with prosecutors that he and another Conahan had taken an illegal payment of nearly $1 million from a youth center's builder, then hid the money. The panel of six men and six women also found Ciavarella guilty of 'honest services mail fraud' and of being a tax cheat, for failing to list that money and more on his annual public financial-disclosure forms and on four years of tax returns. In addition, they found him guilty of conspiring to launder money. The jurors acquitted Ciavarella of extortion and bribery in connection with $1.9 million that prosecutors said the judges extracted from the builder and owner of two youth centers, including allegations that Ciavarella shared the proceeds of FedEx boxes that were stuffed with tens of thousands of dollars in cash. Following Ciavarella's conviction, he and his lawyer appeared on the steps of the courthouse to give an impromptu press conference. The press conference was interrupted by Sandy Fonzo, whose son Edward Kenzakoski committed suicide after Ciavarella adjudicated him to placement, despite Kenzakoski's first-time offender status. On August 11, 2011, Ciavarella was sentenced to 28 years in federal prison as a result of his conviction. He is currently being held at the, a low-security federal prison in eastern Kentucky. He is scheduled for release in 2035, when he will be 85 years old. Ciavarella appealed his conviction to the Third Circuit and it was rejected on July 25, 2013. However, Ciavarella has continued to appeal, contending that the Supreme Court's decision in the of ex-Governor of Virginia narrowed the scope of the statute. The appeal is scheduled to be heard in September 2017. Booking photo On September 23, 2011, Conahan was sentenced to 17 and a half years in federal prison after pleading guilty to one count of. He is currently being held at a minimum security facility at the in. He is scheduled for release in 2026, when he will be 74 years old. On November 4, 2011, Powell was sentenced to 18 months in federal prison after pleading guilty to failing to report a felony and being an accessory to tax conspiracy. He was incarcerated at the, a low-security facility in Florida, and was released from a halfway house on April 16, 2013. On August 10, 2015, a judge approved a $4.75M settlement agreement for Powell, for having paid kickbacks related to the adjudication of at least 2,400 juveniles. Robert Mericle's sentencing in connection with his guilty plea for failing to report a felony was delayed pending his anticipated testimony in the bribery trial of former Pennsylvania State Senator. After Musto died on April 24, 2014, Mericle was sentenced the next day to one year in prison by Senior District Judge Edwin M. Mericle was ordered to pay a $250,000 fine and to report to the Federal Bureau of Prisons on May 14, 2014. He was released on May 29, 2015. Victim lawsuits [ ] Acting under a rarely used power established in 1722 and reserved for extraordinary circumstances, known as ', the Pennsylvania Supreme Court appointed a on February 11, 2009 to review all juvenile cases handled by Ciavarella. Senior Judge Arthur Grim of the Court of Common Pleas was appointed special master and returned his findings in an interim report dated March 11, 2009. On March 26, 2009, the Supreme Court approved Grim's recommendations and ruled that Ciavarella had violated the constitutional rights of thousands of juveniles, and initially hundreds of juvenile adjudications were ordered overturned. A lawsuit was filed by the Juvenile Law Center on behalf of the juveniles who were adjudicated delinquent by Ciavarella despite not being represented by counsel or advised of their rights. Besides naming Ciavarella and Conahan, the suit seeks damages under the civil portion of the (RICO) against the judges' spouses and business associates, shell companies, youth center officials, and Luzerne County. Three other federal lawsuits filed on behalf of the victims have been consolidated with the Juvenile Law Center lawsuit into a master class action. An amended master complaint was filed on August 28, 2009. In June 2010, an injunction was filed on behalf of PA Child Care, Western PA Child Care, and Mid Atlantic Youth Services, the companies that provided treatment programs at the youth centers, to prevent the ordered destruction of thousands of juvenile records on the grounds the records are needed for the defense's case. On July 8, 2013, a three-judge panel of the ruled in the case of Markel International Insurance Company v. Powell, (his business partner) Gregory Zappala, et al., that the insurance company had no obligation to defend or indemnify the individuals or corporations involved, leaving the defendants liable for adverse judgments. Interbranch Commission on Juvenile Justice [ ] In the aftermath of the federal charges and defendant pleas, the moved to create a commission to investigate the entire set of circumstances surrounding the miscarriage of justice in Luzerne County. Sponsored by of in Luzerne County, House Bill 1648 established the Interbranch Commission on Juvenile Justice in July 2009. The commission comprises 11 members, appointed from each branch of government in Pennsylvania, with four members chosen by the judiciary, four by the legislature and three by the governor. In signing the legislation on August 7, 2009, Governor castigated Ciavarella and Conahan, saying they 'violated the rights of as many as 6000 young people by denying them basic rights to counsel and handing down outrageously excessive sentences. The lives of these young people and their families were changed forever.' Scheduled to meet a minimum of once per month, the commission was organized to investigate the actions of and damages caused by the two judges and review the state of the Luzerne County courts left in the wake of their tenures. The commission was given power of and was required to complete its work and report its recommendations and findings to the three branches of state government by May 31, 2010. In popular culture [ ] The scandal was featured in, the 2009 documentary. A full-length documentary covering the scandal entitled was released in February 2014, and has been favorably reviewed. In April 2014, 's crime documentary series reported on the case. The scandal has also led to several portrayals in fictional works. The episode ', the episode 'Crossroads', and an episode of featured corrupt judges sending children to private detention centers. An episode of called 'Jurisprudence' is loosely based on this event. In 2015, crime fiction novelist Ace Atkins, using the nom de plume of the late Robert B. Parker, wrote 'Kickback,' which borrows heavily from this case, transposing it into a Boston suburb instead. An episode of called 'Quality of Life' has a subplot inspired by the scandal in which a New York City judge sentences youths harshly for financial gain. The novel Corrupted by Lisa Scottoline includes the scandal, portraying characters in the book as victims of the scandal. See also [ ]. • ^ Urbina, Ian (March 27, 2009).. New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-02. • Frank, Thomas (April 1, 2009).. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2009-08-25. • Urbina, Ian (February 26, 2009).. New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-25. • ^ Sisak, Michael (July 1, 2009).. The Times-Trubine. Retrieved 2009-08-26. • ^ Morgan-Besecker, Terrie (August 25, 2009).. Wikes-Barre Times Leader. Archived from on September 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-25. September 9, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-12. [ ] • ^ Morgan-Besecker, Terrie (September 10, 2009).. Times Leader. Retrieved 2009-09-11. September 9, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-10. • Morgan-Besecker, Terrie (April 25, 2011).. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. Retrieved 21 May 2011. The Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved 2011-02-21. Wilkes-Barre Citizens Voice. April 26, 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2011. March 26, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-02. Pennsylvania Office of the Governor. August 7, 2009. Archived from on September 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-26. Juvenile Law Center. February 26, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-26. Juvenile Law Center. Archived from on 2010-05-16. Retrieved 2012-11-16. •, Juvenile Justice Information Exchange, Noah Echols, March 22, 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2016. • ^,, Michael R. Sisak, DECEMBER 12, 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2016. Juvenile Law Center. April 27, 2009. Archived from on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2009-05-02. • ^ Peter Hall and Leo Strupczewski (January 28, 2009).. The Legal Intelligencer. Retrieved 2009-08-26. • Leo Strupczewski and Peter Hall (February 9, 2009).. Pennsylvania Law Weekly. Retrieved 2009-08-27. • Morgan-Besecker, Terrie (November 5, 2008).. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. Archived from on September 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-27. • Morgan-Besecker, Terrie (August 8, 2009).. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. Archived from on August 12, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-27. • Morgan-Besecker, Terrie (March 26, 2009).. Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. Archived from on September 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-27. •,, Dave Janoski, January 15, 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2016. •, Juvenile Justice Information Exchange]], John Lash, April 12, 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2016. Department of Justice for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. January 26, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-12. Department of Justice for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. January 26, 2009. Archived from on September 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-26. • Urbina, Ian (July 31, 2009).. New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-27. United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2009-08-25. • Leo Strupczewski and Hank Grezlak (August 21, 2009).. The Legal Intelligencer. Retrieved 2009-08-27. • Morgan-Besecker, Terrie (September 16, 2009).. Retrieved 2009-10-05. • ^ Dale, Maryclaire (August 14, 2009).. Associated Press/The Morning Call. Archived from on September 3, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-26. The United States Attorney's Office, Middle District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2009-08-25. • Lewis, Edward (September 2, 2009).. Archived from on February 24, 2012. Retrieved 2009-09-06. • Janoski, Dave (August 14, 2009).. The Citizens' Voice. Retrieved 11 December 2015. The United States Attorney's Office, Middle District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2009-08-27. • Morgan-Besecker, Terrie (September 3, 2009).. The Times Leader. Archived from on September 7, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-03. The Times-Tribune (Northeast Pennsylvania). April 30, 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015. The United States Attorney's Office, Middle District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2009-08-25. Associated Press. February 22, 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2014. • Michael Rubinkam.. The Associated Press [ ] • Halpin, James.. Retrieved 15 December 2015. Retrieved 2012-07-08. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2014. D'Annunzio, August 8, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017. • Staff Report (2011-09-23).. The Times-Tribune. Retrieved 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2013-04-27. Retrieved 2014-05-28. Attorney’s Office. Retrieved 2014-05-28. Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts. August 3, 1995. Archived from (PDF) on 2011-10-16. Retrieved 2009-08-27. • Morgan-Besecker, Terrie (February 12, 2009).. Wikes-Barre Times Leader. Archived from on September 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-27. • Grim, Arthur (March 11, 2009). Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2009-08-27. [ ] • Learn-Andes, Jennifer (March 27, 2009).. Wikes-Barre Times Leader. Archived from on 2009-04-06. Retrieved 2009-08-27. Juvenile Law Center. April 27, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-26. • Sisak, Michael (June 11, 2009).. The Citizen's Voice. Retrieved 2009-09-06. August 27, 2009. Archived from (PDF) on September 21, 2010. Retrieved 2009-09-09. June 10, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2013 •. The Pennsylvania General Assembly. June 25, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-26. • Swift, Robert (August 21, 2009).. Wilkes-Barre Citizen Voice. Archived from on September 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-26. Pennsylvania House Democratic Caucus. August 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-28. • Swift, Robert (August 7, 2009).. Wikes-Barre Citizen Voice. Archived from on September 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-26. • Rich Drees (18 February 2011).. Film Buff Online. Retrieved 6 February 2014. 17 November 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2014. • Rickey, Carrie (2014-02-04).. Retrieved 2014-05-01. Democracy Now!. Retrieved 2014-05-01. The Citizens' Voice. Retrieved 2014-06-03. •, CSIFiles.com • stevelaudig says.. Retrieved 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2012-11-16. Sisak (Staff Writer) (2009-12-17).. Standard Speaker. Retrieved 2012-11-16. • Joshua Alston (2016-03-28).. Retrieved 2016-03-28. • Scottoline, Lisa. (2015) Corrupted: A Rosato and DiNuzio Novel. Martin's Press External links [ ] • •, Juvenile Law Center •, archive of activities including final report.
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Contents • • • • • • • • • • Overview [ ] Laboratories used for scientific research take many forms because of the differing requirements of specialists in the various fields of science and engineering. A laboratory might contain a or, while a laboratory could have apparatus for or metals or for testing their. A or might use a, while a laboratory might be a room with one-way mirrors and hidden cameras in which to observe behavior. In some laboratories, such as those commonly used by, (sometimes ) are used for either or the of. Scientists in other fields will use still other types of laboratories. Use laboratories as well to design, build, and test technological devices. Scientific laboratories can be found as research room and in and,,, or facilities, and even aboard and. ![]() ![]() ![]() Despite the underlying notion of the lab as a confined space for experts, the term 'laboratory' is also increasingly applied to workshop spaces such as,, or, in which people meet to work on societal problems or make, working collaboratively or sharing resources. This development is inspired by new, to science and innovation and relies on user-centred design methods and concepts like or,. One distinctive feature of work in Open Labs is phenomena of translation, driven by the different backgrounds and levels of expertise of the people involved. History [ ] Early instances of 'laboratories' recorded in English involved and the preparation of. Cole-Parmer provides a complete range of fluid handling and analysis products worldwide. Have a question, give us a call 1-800-323-4340. Since 2002, Hinotek is one of the world’s largest laboratory equipment supplier exporting scientific laboratory supplies to clients across the globe. We carry lab equipment and laboratory supplies for science laboratories. We also have laboratory chemicals and chemistry lab supplies. The emergence of during increased the size of laboratories and scientific equipment, introducing and similar devices. The early laboratories [ ] The earliest laboratory according to the present evidence is a home laboratory of of Samos, the well-known Greek philosopher and scientist. This laboratory created when conducted an experiment about tones of sound and vibration of string. In the painting of by in 1885, is the shown comparing a note in his left hand with a bottle filled with a solid in his right hand, and not wearing an. Researching in teams started in the 19th century, and many new kinds of equipment were developed in the 20th century. ![]() A 16th century underground alchemical laboratory was accidentally discovered in the year 2002. Was believed to be the owner. ![]() The laboratory is called Speculum Alchemiae and is preserved as a museum in. Autoclavable bench-top laboratory and fermenter • • • s • s & mixers • • () • • • • s • • • s • instruments • • • • • (supply) • Pipettes tips (supply) • (supply) consumables for small volumes (µL and mL scale), mainly sterile Laboratory equipment is generally used to either perform an or to take and gather. Larger or more sophisticated equipment is generally called a. Specialized types [ ] The title of laboratory is also used for certain other facilities where the processes or equipment used are similar to those in scientific laboratories. These notably include: • or • for the production of • • used to process evidence • • (involves handling of chemical compounds) • • Safety [ ]. Geneticist wearing protective lab coat In many laboratories, hazards are present. Laboratory hazards might include;;,, or materials; moving; extreme;, strong. Therefore, precautions are vitally important. Rules exist to minimize the individual's risk, and is used to protect the lab users from injury or to assist in responding to an. The (OSHA) in the United States, recognizing the unique characteristics of the laboratory workplace, has tailored a standard for occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories. This standard is often referred to as the 'Laboratory Standard'. Under this standard, a laboratory is required to produce a Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) which addresses the specific hazards found in its location, and its approach to them. In determining the proper Chemical Hygiene Plan for a particular business or laboratory, it is necessary to understand the requirements of the standard, evaluation of the current safety, health and environmental practices and assessment of the hazards. The CHP must be reviewed annually. Many schools and businesses employ safety, health, and environmental specialists, such as a Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) to develop, manage, and evaluate their CHP. Additionally, third party review is also used to provide an objective 'outside view' which provides a fresh look at areas and problems that may be taken for granted or overlooked due to habit. Inspections and audits like also be conducted on a regular basis to assess hazards due to chemical handling and storage, electrical equipment,,,, housekeeping and emergency preparedness,, ventilation as well as respiratory testing and. An important element of such audits is the review of regulatory compliance and the training of individuals who have access to and/or work in the laboratory. Training is critical to the ongoing safe operation of the laboratory facility. Educators, staff and management must be engaged in working to reduce the likelihood of accidents, injuries and potential litigation. Efforts are made to ensure laboratory safety videos are both relevant and engaging. See also [ ]. • Latour, Bruno (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. • Flaherty, Joe (May 14, 2012).. • Burress, Charles (December 22, 1997).. SF Chronicle. • Carlson, Adam (September 5, 2013).. • ISO 13407:(1999), titled Human-centred design processes for interactive systems, is an ISO Standard providing Guidance on human-centred design activities throughout the life cycle of interactive computer-based systems. • Von Hippel, E. Lead users: a source of novel product concepts. Management Science 32, 791–805. • Chesbrough, H.W. Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. • Fritzsche, A (2017). 'Corporate Foresight in Open Laboratories - A Translational Approach'. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management.. September 2005. (Subscription or required.): 'Originally: a room or building for the practice of alchemy and the preparation of medicines. Later: one equipped for carrying out scientific experiments or procedures, esp. For the purposes of research, teaching, or analysis; (also) one in which chemicals or drugs are manufactured.' • 'World's Oldest Laboratory'. Analytical Chemistry. 62 (13): 701A–701A. 30 May 2012.. • Schummer, Joachim; Spector, Tami I (July 2007).. HYLE International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry (1): 3–41. • Lowe, Derek (27 May 2015). 'Laboratory history: The chemistry chronicles'. 521 (7553): 422–422.. Speculum Alchemiae. Matson; Jeffrey P. Fitzgerald; Shirley Lin (October 1, 2007)... 84 (10): 1727..:. Retrieved 22 February 2013. External links [ ] has the text of the 1905 article. • The dictionary definition of at Wiktionary • Media related to at Wikimedia Commons •. About product and suppliers: Alibaba.com offers 260,223 lab equipment products. About 28% of these are laboratory heating equipments, 5% are clinical analytical instruments, and 4% are laboratory furniture. A wide variety of lab equipment options are available to you, such as abrasion tester, compression testing machine, and auto testing machine. You can also choose from electronic, hydraulic. As well as from free samples, paid samples. There are 258,985 lab equipment suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying countries are China (Mainland), Pakistan, and India, which supply 97%, 1%, and 1% of lab equipment respectively. Lab equipment products are most popular in North America, Domestic Market, and Mid East. 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Lol i bought it only $30 from local retail store while and console version in the same store price is been double for no reason.and u guy tell poor guy should buy another $5-600 console and double price of Siege box.Richie really know how to spend money and help economic boom in these days. Just let him set Siege to 800x600 res and everyone poor or rich enjoy the game without pay more. Dec 21, 2015 How to Rain rainbow Six Siege on 800x600 or 640x480 and fullscreen on intel hd graphics cards, its good for get some fps more. Special for intel hd 4400. For Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas 2 on the PC, a GameFAQs message board topic titled 'Do you need a very strong PC to run Rainbow Six Vegas 2?' More Rainbows #2 (800x600) videos. Dec 22, 2016. Please don't judge them because the veggies aren't grown on a farm with rainbows and are whispered 'you are beautiful veggie, grow' or the meat/poultry came from a place where they feed them fruit straight. 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Delete registry entries of RainbowSS (800x600) 1 CAREFULLY • * HKEY_CURRENT_USER Software RainbowSS (800x600) 1 • * HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SOFTWARE RainbowSS (800x600) 1 3. Search throughout the hard drive and delete all associated files • * C: Program Files RainbowSS (800x600) 1 • * C: Documents and Settings A Application Data RainbowSS (800x600) 1 Automatic RainbowSS (800x600) 1 Uninstall Method (Recommended) As you can see, it's very complicated and time-consuming to manually uninstall RainbowSS (800x600) 1 from your computer. And if you delete other files by mistake, you may receive computer errors and get additional troubles. So, it's recommended that you use an automatic third-party uninstaller to uninstall RainbowSS (800x600) 1 and completely remove all of its components with ease. The uninstaller can automatically scan and find out all registry keys, exe files, DLL files, drivers, and other components in every corner of the computer and then thoroughly delete all of them. And you do not need to know which file and registry key belongs to the program and whether it will destroy your PC if you delete it. Therefore, completely uninstalling a program will not be that difficult for you any more. ![]() Full Specifications What's new in version 1.0 This version is the first release on CNET Download.com. General Publisher Publisher web site Release Date October 03, 2008 Date Added October 03, 2008 Version 1.0 Category Category Subcategory Operating Systems Operating Systems Windows XP/Vista Additional Requirements Windows XP/Vista Download Information File Size 27.64MB File Name Setup_RainbowSS2_800.msi Popularity Total Downloads 183 Downloads Last Week 1 Pricing License Model Free to try Limitations Not available Price $3. ![]() IT professionals in enterprises have unique requirements to deploy, manage, and support the web browser that runs on user desktops. The following tools support IT pros in the enterprise: • Blocker Toolkit. The Blocker Toolkit allows IT pros to block Windows® Internet Explorer® 9 installation through Automatic Updates. This toolkit helps them to manage when and how to deploy Internet Explorer 9 in the organization. For example, they can test application compatibility before deployment. • Internet Explorer Administration Kit (IEAK). ![]() IT pros can use the IEAK to create custom, branded versions of Internet Explorer 9 that they can deliver as standalone packages or with other software and services. They do not need to install an operating system at the same time, and they can update customizations and branding without reinstalling Internet Explorer 9. • Unattend Settings. By using an Unattend.xml file during Windows 7 installation, IT pros can customize Internet Explorer 9 during operating system installation. Settings that they can customize include the home page, favorites, search providers, feeds, Accelerators, Web Slices, and settings for top result searches. The following table shows settings that are new in Internet Explorer 9. New Internet Explorer setting Description Microsoft-Windows-IE-InternetExplorer/SearchScopes/Scope/ShowTopResult Specifies whether the TopResult feature is used with search requests. Microsoft-Windows-IE-InternetExplorer/SearchScopes/Scope/TopResultURL Specifies the complete URL of the page that shows the TopResult search results. The following table shows changes in existing Internet Explorer settings. Changed setting Description of setting Description of change Microsoft-Windows-IE-InternetExplorer/EnableLinksBar Specifies whether the Favorites bar appears. The default value is changed to false. Microsoft-Windows-IE-InternetExplorer/ShowCommandBar Specifies whether the Command bar appears. The default value is changed to false. Microsoft-Windows-IE-InternetExplorer/ShowStatusBar Specifies whether the Status bar appears. The default value is changed to false. Microsoft-Windows-IE-InternetExplorer/SmallCommandBarIcons Specifies whether small icons on the Command Bar are used. This content refers to an older version of F12 developer tools. Please visit our latest F12 tools documentation. Every installation of Windows Internet Explorer 8 comes with the Developer Tools. This tool enables Web site developers to quickly debug Microsoft JScript, investigate a behavior specific to Windows Internet. There are options for Auto-Stop in 12-IETools settings. For example, some pages need longer to load. Increase the Auto-Stop Delay to 3 to 5 seconds. If a page still doesn't finish loading in that time, a manual refresh (F5) is an easy way to load pages completely, so turn off Auto-Stop After Refresh. ActiveX controls. Last, most of the managers did not have systematic training and did not understand well management tools including IE tools. After applying a tool, low- and middle-level managers might easily focus on the form of the management tool instead of the actual effect. For example, unit time of different work stations, equipment. The default value is changed to true. For more information about Unattend.xml, see the. • Application Compatibility Toolkit (ACT). The ACT contains tools and documentation for evaluating and mitigating application compatibility issues before deploying Windows 7. ACT includes the Internet Explorer Compatibility Test Tool (IECTT) to analyze Internet and intranet websites for potential compatibility issues. The IECTT events in ACT 5.6 continue to apply to organizations that are migrating from Internet Explorer 6 or Internet Explorer 7 to Internet Explorer 9. ![]() ![]() For more information, see. • Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit 5.5. Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit 5.5 discovers and reports on deployed web browsers, Microsoft ActiveX® controls, and add-ons. For more information, see the. Movietools.info Cookies Policy A cookie is a small file which asks permission to be placed onto your computer's hard drive. Once you agree, the file is added and the cookie helps examine web traffic or lets you know when you visit a particular site. Essentially, cookies allow web applications to respond to you as an individual. The web application can tailor its operations to your needs, likes and dislikes by gathering and remembering information about your preferences. Overall, cookies help us provide you with a better website, by enabling us to monitor which pages you find useful and which you do not. A cookie does NOT give us access to your computer or any information about you, other than the data you choose to share with us. You can choose to accept or decline cookies. Although most web browsers automatically accept cookies, you can usually modify your browser setting to decline cookies to your preference. 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Best regards, Joerg Wagner CEO Movietools.info. The House Of Cards Copyright notice: Pirated Software Hurts Software Developers. Using The House Of Cards Free Download crack, warez, password, serial numbers, torrent, keygen, registration codes, key generators is illegal and your business could subject you to lawsuits and leave your operating systems without patches. We do not host any torrent files or links of The House Of Cards from depositfiles.com, rapidshare.com, any file sharing sites. All download links are direct full download from publisher sites or their selected mirrors. Avoid: oem software, old version, warez, serial, torrent, keygen, crack of The House Of Cards. Consider: The House Of Cards full version, full download, premium download, licensed copy. Files 1-30 of 60| Go to 1 page. Tested Malware & Virus Free by McAfee? Remove House of Cards 2 Deluxe Program? Are you in the dilemma that the program is not working properly in your machine and you need to immediately uninstall this program for an upgrade or switch to other program instead? Or you may have trapped in the situation that you can still not able to install the upper version because it is not compatible with the one that previously installed even though you have already removed it from your PC. ![]() Are you facing the problem like missing necessary files to delete House of Cards 2 Deluxe, or do not have permission to uninstall it, which resulted in the impossibility to conduct a complete removal from your machine? As we all know that normally, we can uninstall this program directly from Windows attached uninstaller or with its own uninstaller. Sometimes, we may be lucky to uninstall it there, but not all because there must be some leftovers left down in the drives and registry. Normally, some people who are more professional on computer, can solve this kind of uninstall problem by first deleting the related file of from the drives and then go to modify the associated registry entries. Video Guide: How to delete registry entries when you want to get rid of House of Cards 2 Deluxe completely In fact, this will be useful in uninstalling some simple programs, but for the stubborn or corrupted programs, which combine well with the operating system, won't be completely uninstalled in this way. More severe, if any mistake was made in this risky way, your operating system can become unmanageable and may not work properly. Why is it hard to sweep out House of Cards 2 Deluxe sometimes There are times when people had to take computers to a store asking the technicians to solve the frustrating uninstall problem when they fail to sweep out House of Cards 2 Deluxe, which wasted them more time and took them a large amount of money. So why does it become difficult to uninstall a unwanted program? Generally speaking, the main reasons may be: not all people are professional on computers, who can uninstall any unneeded application and its leftovers completely, that makes the uninstallation difficult and dangerous. It is also recommended to so as to resolve the potential program uninstall errors completely. How to Uninstall it when you get error message Are you one of many users that received error messages when you continuously tried to uninstall House of Cards 2 Deluxe? Here is the most common error message you might received. Look familiar? You must have tried the following steps: Remove House of Cards 2 Deluxe Using its default uninstaller• Click on Windows button at the bottom left corner, and continue to click on the down arrow(for Win8), or click on All apps (for Win10) • Find House of Cards 2 Deluxe on the menu, and then you might see an Uninstall button under the program's name. ![]() If not, please go to the installation folder of the program directly. • Click on Uninstall to start House of Cards 2 Deluxe removal. • When the removal is complete, click 'Finish', and restart your computer. ![]() Delete House of Cards 2 Deluxe with Windows Add/Remove Program (for Windows 8, 8.1, 10) • Right-click on the Windows button at the bottom left corner of the desktop. What if your computer got infected by virus? Most of the time people cannot find and delete the virus that infect certain program, especially those hidden programs. What's more, some malicious file cannot remove by hand. So, it is best to fully uninstall the infected software before your computer gets totally haunted by these virus. Why not land to get the useful and professional tool to uninstall the malicious files and other software you don't want to use any more? I am sure you will be satisfied with its powerful uninstalling features! • Improper installation of the House of Cards 2 Deluxe program. • Windows system fails to locate the default uninstaller of the application. • Some files and components of the program have been deleted or damaged. • Registry entries associated to the program have been damaged or invalid. • Serious virus and spyware invasion on the computer system. Program description House of Cards 2 Deluxe program is created by Zylom Games corporation as a program that offers the special features and services on the computer, it aims at providing the effective and convenient use of computer, and people can find its more information from the official website of the developer www.zylom.com. The general size of the program is 7.17 MB, and its default installation directory is C: Zylom Games House of Cards 2 Deluxe. The attached uninstall process of this application is 'C: Program Files RealArcade Installer bin gameinstaller.exe' 'C: Program Files RealArcade Installer insta, and other countries the program is also widely used are France. For more information about this application, you can refer to the following content. Detailed information about House of Cards 2 Deluxe program. • United States • 80.00% • France • 20.00% How to handle and clean House of Cards 2 Deluxe program leftovers Problems with leftovers: it is not always an easy task to uninstall House of Cards 2 Deluxe completely on the computer, the program’s attached uninstall process usually unable to clean those stubborn installed file and registry entries thoroughly. And in particular, let along those installed folder, files, and cache files., many related registry entries which created during the installation of the program exist on the system registry database are always ignored by the default removing process. And manual finding and removing all of these leftovers is a daunting task for many common computer users, for that they have to check a great number of folders and registry database to remove the associated files completely, and any small mistake could cause further and more serious problems on the system! The House Of Cards 2 Deluxe Serial Numbers. Convert The House Of Cards 2 Deluxe trail version to full software. Found 6 results for House Of Cards 2 Deluxe. Full version downloads available, all hosted on high speed servers! Read House of Cards 2 Deluxe reviews, download trial or demo, see screenshots, FAQs, forum. Especially the important and sensitive system registry database. So be cautious! Unless you have a well knowledge and understanding about your computer system, it is not recommended to remove House of Cards 2 Deluxe in this way. Resolution: employ a professional third party House of Cards 2 Deluxe uninstall tool on your PC, it will help you to scan all of House of Cards 2 Deluxe related files, and remove them completely and correctly to avoid any further problem. You can get the uninstaller via clicking the below button. Clock_gettime(), clock_settime() and clock_getres() return 0 for success, or -1 for failure (in which case errno is set appropriately). Errors EFAULT tp points outside the accessible address space. EINVAL The clk_id specified is not supported on this system. EPERM clock_settime() does not have permission to set the clock indicated. Note Most systems require the program be linked with the librt library to use these functions. NOTE for SMP systems The CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clocks are realized on many platforms using timers from the CPUs (TSC on i386, AR.ITC on Itanium). These registers may differ between CPUs and as a consequence these clocks may return bogus results if a process is migrated to another CPU. If the CPUs in an SMP system have different clock sources then there is no way to maintain a correlation between the timer registers since each CPU will run at a slightly different frequency. If that is the case then clock_getcpuclockid(0) will return ENOENT to signify this condition. The two clocks will then only be useful if it can be ensured that a process stays on a certain CPU. ![]() The processors in an SMP system do not start all at exactly the same time and therefore the timer registers are typically running at an offset. Some architectures include code that attempts to limit these offsets on bootup. However, the code cannot guarantee to accurately tune the offsets. Glibc contains no provisions to deal with these offsets (unlike the Linux Kernel). ![]() ![]() Typically these offsets are small and therefore the effects may be negligible in most cases. Availability On POSIX systems on which these functions are available, the symbol _POSIX_TIMERS is defined in to a value greater than 0. The symbols _POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK, _POSIX_CPUTIME, _POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME indicate that CLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID are available. (See also (3).) Conforming To SUSv2, POSIX.1-2001. See Also (1), (2), (2), (2), (2), (3), (3), (3) Referenced By (3). HRESULT GetTime( [out] MFTIME *phnsClockTime ); Parameters phnsClockTime [out] Receives the latest clock time, in 100-nanosecond units. The time is relative to when the clock was last started. Return value The method returns an HRESULT. Possible values include, but are not limited to, those in the following table. Return code Description S_OK The method succeeded. MF_E_CLOCK_NO_TIME_SOURCE The clock does not have a presentation time source. Remarks This method does not attempt to smooth out jitter or otherwise account for any inaccuracies in the clock time. Requirements Minimum supported client Windows Vista [desktop apps| UWP apps] Minimum supported server Windows Server 2008 [desktop apps| UWP apps] Header Mfidl.h Library Mfuuid.lib See also. GetTime()Category: Control. Time on a computer is calculated from the number of milliseconds elapsed since January 1, 1970. The getTime() method returns the numeric value corresponding to the time for the specified date according to universal time. What is the difference between using new Date() and new Date().getTime() when subtracting two timestamps? (test script on jsFiddle) Both of the following gives the. May 08, 2012 Need some assistance in date frmatting: I'm using: today = new Date(); today.getTime(); How would I format today.getTime() to: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. Full Specifications What's new in version 1.0.9 Version 1.0.9 support ordering the address by proximity. General Publisher Publisher web site Release Date March 18, 2014 Date Added March 18, 2014 Version 1.0.9 Category Category Subcategory Operating Systems Operating Systems Windows 7/8 Additional Requirements None Download Information File Size 94.96MB File Name batchpostcode.exe Popularity Total Downloads 84 Downloads Last Week 0 Pricing License Model Free to try Limitations 10-day trial Price $100. Enhance your data by referencing additional data such as Foreign data sets including Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, USA and Australia; Geo-demographic, Location or Business information to your client records. Bulk Postcode Lookup. Accepts a JSON object containing an array of postcodes. Returns a list of matching postcodes and respective available data. Be sure to submit JSON requests setting Content-Type to application/json. Accepts up to 100 postcodes. UK National Grid Map Reference Conversion for any location by simply right-clicking on our map. Postcode finder and bulk conversion tools. ![]() Look Up a Postcode in a Constituent or Constituent Address Update Batch. With Postcode Lookup, you can search for the Postcode of an area when you enter address information in a constituent or constituent address update batch. If an area has multiple Postcodes, the Postcode Search screen appears so you can select. Import an excel spreadsheet of addresses output full address and coordinates view-able on a map, with full address and postcode validation. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Description: Lighter| Faster| Smarter Quick Heal Internet Security 2010, with its intuitive and easy-to-use interface, provides complete protection against Internet threats. It provides a safe and secure experience while you are browsing, Online Banking, Online Shopping, Chatting and playing games online. Once installed it acts as a shield against viruses, worms, trojans, spywares and other malicious threats. It also provides protection against new and unknown viruses using Quick Heal’s renowned DNAScan technology, blocks malicious websites and prevents spam mails from reaching your mailbox. Quick Heal Internet Security 2010 is very low on resource usage and gives enhanced protection without slowing down your computer. AntiVirus: The powerful virus detection engine of Quick Heal AntiVirus scans and removes viruses, worms, trojans and many other threats that may try to sneak into your system through removable drives, email attachments and Internet downloads. AntiSpyware: Spyware is malicious software that is installed on the system without the user’s knowledge to gather personal information of the user and to monitor the critical information such as user name, passwords, bank account details, credit card details etc. The AntiSpyware feature blocks spywares before they get installed on your PC. It also protects your privacy by detecting and cleaning spywares, and blocking their activities of identity theft automatically. AntiMalware: A new advanced malware scanning engine scans registry, files and folders at lightning speed to thoroughly detect and clean Spywares, Adwares, Roguewares, Dialers, Riskwares and lots of other potential threats in your system. 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AntiVirus The powerful virus detection engine of Quick Heal AntiVirus scans and removes viruses, worms, trojans and many other threats that may try to sneak into your system through removable drives, email attachments and Internet downloads. AntiSpyware Spyware is malicious software that is installed on the system without the user’s knowledge to gather personal information of the user and to monitor the critical information such as user name, passwords, bank account details, credit card details etc. ![]() ![]() Avast Free Antivirus is an efficient and comprehensive antivirus program. It is one of the most popular antivirus programs available, thanks to the reliable and. Updates for Quick Heal Antivirus Quick Heal Product Megashares - Drag. The first site to provide Antivirus software - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The AntiSpyware feature blocks spywares before they get installed on your PC. It also protects your privacy by detecting and cleaning spywares, and blocking their activities of identity theft automatically. AntiMalware A new advanced malware scanning engine scans registry, files and folders at lightning speed to thoroughly detect and clean Spywares, Adwares, Roguewares, Dialers, Riskwares and lots of other potential threats in your system. Anti-Rootkit Detects and cleans rootkits proactively by doing deep system scan. Scans running processes, registry and file system for any suspicious rootkit activity that is kept hidden in the system. Autorun Protection Malwares that spread by exploiting the autorun feature of removable devices are on the rise, and USB drives (memory stick, flash drive, portable hard drive) have now become carriers of autorun malwares. Autorun Protection is a new feature from Quick Heal that safeguards your system against such malwares by disabling the autorun feature. Browsing Protection The Browsing Protection feature protects your computer from threats occurring through malicious websites. Self Protection Self Protection is a new feature which will protect Quick Heal files, folders, configurations and registry entries against malicious activities, and also from getting tampered. Entertainment Mode Suppresses prompts across all Quick Heal modules and reduces system load which makes activities like playing games, watching movies or presentations uninterrupted without compromising the security of the computer. All Quick Heal AntiVirus 2010 reviews, submitted ratings and written comments become the sole property of Windows 7 download. You acknowledge that you, not windows7download, are responsible for the contents of your submission. However, windows7download reserves the right to remove or refuse to post any submission for any reason. Windows 7 Download periodically updates pricing and software information of Quick Heal AntiVirus 2010 full version from the publisher, but some information may be out-of-date. You should confirm all information. Using warez version, crack, warez passwords, patches, serial numbers, registration codes, key generator, pirate key, keymaker or keygen for Quick Heal AntiVirus 2010 license key is illegal and prevent future development of Quick Heal AntiVirus 2010. Download links are directly from our mirrors or publisher's website, Quick Heal AntiVirus 2010 torrent or shared files from free file sharing and free upload services, including Rapidshare, MegaUpload, YouSendIt, SendSpace, DepositFiles, DivShare, HellShare, HotFile, FileServe or MediaFire, are not used. Photo Prints and Gifts Every one is sure to appreciate photo cards and gifts from Walmart. 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A stylish photo book made just for you is the perfect template for displaying the pictures you’ve taken—of your loved ones, pets, family holidays, travels and the little life moments that make you smile. Your Book, Your Way With Shutterfly, you can create your own personalized photo book as a beautiful way to relive your fondest memories. Choose a stylish design and start gathering those favorite captured moments all in one place. ![]() ![]() It’s easy to find a template that suits your theme or style, and then customize the design down to every detail. For added ease, use our Make My Book™ Service and let our designers make a beautiful book that complements your chosen photos. Get inspired by pre-designed Idea Pages that help you tell your story, your way. Once you add your photos, it’s easy to move and resize each one exactly as you want. The Smart Autofill™ feature automatically arranges your pictures in chronological order, or you can organize your shots in another way. Customize your layout by adding text and personalizing fonts and colors to make the greatest impact. A Custom Keepsake for Any Occasion From weddings to graduations to baby’s 1 st birthday, there are plenty of occasions that call for a custom-designed photo book. ![]() Whether you’re giving your book as a gift or adding it to your own photo album collection, it’s an easy, stylish way to: • Document your little one’s firsts. From exciting milestones to first holidays to his or her 1 st birthday, you can find a with the perfect colors and designs to suit your baby’s personality. • Celebrate your big day. There’s no better reason to make a custom photo book. Capture the romance and style of your wedding with a beautiful, so you can showcase your favorite pictures from the ceremony and reception. • Make it a year to remember. A that captures your child’s school memories is the perfect graduation keepsake or gift for the grandparents. An end-of-the-year photo book is a stylish way to organize your many back-to-school photos and show how much your little one has grown and learned throughout the years. • Relive your travels. Make sure you never forget the sights and thrills of your travels. Whether you want to commemorate family vacations or have a way to relive your most exciting trips, a personalized photo book is the perfect keepsake. Add the Finishing Touches Finalize your custom photo book creation by choosing from finishing options including paper type, layflat pages, cover options, dust jackets and gift boxes. We have over 80 for you to browse as inspiration for your photo projects. Whether you prefer a simpler look or a premium design, there are various options and details that will suit your photo book and bring it all together. |
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